Understand what retinal neuromodulation is and how impacts patients’ behavior/function and can help promote positive changes in their treatment.

Understand that retinoscopy can be a form of brain mapping to allow practitioners to assess and monitor retinal excitation/activity and vascular function, which is correlated to CNS function. Associate abnormal retinoscopy light reflexes with gross retinal disease.

Understand patients can respond to even small amounts (1/8D!) of elements of lens prescriptions including prism, sphere, cylinder, and axis angles.